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AROMATHERAPY CANDLES



The Guide to Aromatherapy A – Z of Essential Oils Part I .

Some oils have a new section added.. "Main constituents:-" All oils have many more chemical parts to them than described here.

Ajowan
Trachyspermum ammi (Family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Source: fruits or seeds or whole aerial plant, India production method: steam distillation aroma type: herbaceous spicy Safety Information: untested oil. Avoid during pregnancy, possible dermal sensitization Irritant.

Allspice Berry
Pimenta officinalis (Family, Myrtaceae)

Its spicy scent often used in potpourris. and used to flavor beverages, sweets and other foods. warming, cheering, sense enhancing. Warning Avoid use in Sun.

AKA Pimento P. dioica. Source: fruits, Cuba, Mexico and United States production method: steam distillation aroma type: spicy traditional use: aphrodisiac blends well with: ginger, geranium, lavender, labdanum, ylang ylang, patchouli, orris Safety Information: use ½ recommended dilution or less; can cause skin irritation

Almond (sweet)
Prunus amygdalus, P. dulcis (Family, Rosaceae)

Obtained from the Nut of the tree and native to Asia and the Mediterranean this oil is a favourite Carrier oil for Essential oil aromatherapy blends. it is used in itself for moisturizing skin.

Ambrete seed
Abelmoscyhus moschatus AKA Hibiscus abelmoschus (Family, Malvaceae)

Perfume Note=Middle


This has a sweet, floral musky, aroma which gets better after a few months of storage, and works well with many other oils. Used in Muscle aches and pains related to fatigue and poor circulation. Can be used as an anti-depressant Source: seed, France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing calming aroma type: spicy traditional use: emollient aphrodisiac blends well with: neroli,olibanum, rose, sandalwood, other floral oils

Amyris
Amyris balsamifera, Schimmelia oleifera (Family, Rutaceae)

Perfume Note=Middle/Base

Calming and an aid to stress relief. It has sedative properties and helps meditation. AKA Sandalwood Amyris Source: wood, West Indies production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: grounding, energizing. toning, balancing aroma type: woodsy traditional use: muscle relaxant, emollient, soothing agent, stimulant blends well with: lavandin, citronella, cedarwood

Angelica Root
Angelica archangelica, A. officinalis, A. glauca (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelleferae])

Perfume Note=Base to middle

production method: steam distillation Source: Root, France India, Germany, Hungary blends well with: patchouli, clary sage, citrus oils, frankincense Safety Information: Avoid during pregnancy Avoid use in the sun

A warm, musky, earthy aroma with excellent staying power. Only small quantities are needed to create an effect in a perfume. Aromatherapy: anchoring, restorative, strengthening, used for depression. Oil can also come from the seed.

Main Constituents:- Phellandrene, pinene, limonene, linalol, borneol.

Aniseed
Illicium verum (Family, Illiciaceae) production method: steam distillation production method: steam distillation Source: seed, India, China, Spain blends well with: Lavender, orange, pine, bay Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women

The seeds of aniseed have long been used as an aid to digestion. The Essential oil has a sweet, fresh aroma and can be used for any cramping, indigestion, or digestive problems, (though not internally), and for spasmodic coughs. AKA Star Anise.

Anise
Pimpinella anisum, Anisum officinalis (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])

Perfume Note=Middle

Cheering, sense enhancing, mildly euphoric. Added to perfumes for a rich, sweet fragrance. Aids relaxation and emotional balance. Source: ripe fruit, China production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: energizing, toning aroma type: anise traditional use: deodorant blends well with: amyris, bay, cardamon, caraway, cedarwood, coriander, fennel, galbanum, mandarin Safety Information: slight dermal toxicity; use recommended dilution or less

Apricot Kernel
Armeniaca vulgaris, Prunis armeniaca (Family, Rosaceae)

This nut oil, from Asia, is another oil used as a carrier. Believed to be good for the skin.

Arjowan
Trachyspermum ammi, T. copticum (Family, Apiaceae)

Good for circulation and muscular problems. Warning Due to slight toxicity use sparingly, especially if you have sensitive skin.

Armoise
Artemisia, vulgaris Source: entire plant, France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing, stimulating, energizing, toning aroma type: aromatic traditional use: emollient, soothing agent, muscle relaxant blends well with: patchouli, rosemary, lavandin, sage, clary sage, cedarwood, cedar leaf Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women

Avocado
Persea americana, Persea gratissima (Family, Lauraceae)

This oil is added to carrier oils, up to 20% as an aid to skin moisturizing. Warning May be toxic in large amounts

Babassu
Orbignya barbosiana (Family, Arecaceae)

From the Amazon this Palm tree is used for many purposes. The oil is from the nut and may be used as a carrier oil. This soothing oil has been used for stretch marks.

Balsam Peru
Myroxylon balsamum var. pererae (Family, Fabaceae [Legumunosae])

Perfume Note=Base

Used on chafed skin to soothe. Exotic aroma, anchoring, strengthening and imparts a rich, earthy scent to perfumes..

Basil
Osimum basilicum (Family, Labiatae)

Perfume Note=Top

Invigorates body and spirit: helps refresh the mind allowing concentration, especially when tired. A good nerve tonic after a stressful day. It has a sweet liquorice-like fragrance, Blends well with Lavender, Bergamot, Clary Sage and Geranium. Warning Do not use Basil during pregnancy, can be a skin irritant.

Also East Indian Basil, (O. gratissimum) and Hairy Basil (O. Canum) and lots more. Source: leaves, Madagascar, France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: soothing, energizing, toning aroma type: anise traditional use: deodorant, soothing agent, insect repellent, muscle relaxant blends well with: bergamot, black pepper, clary sage, geranium, hyssop, lavender, marjoram, neroli, Safety Information: use recommended dilution or less

Main Constituents:- Linalol, methyl chavicol, eugenol, limonene, citronella.

Bay Leaf

Pimenta racemosa (Family, Myrtaceae)

Uplifting. A good scalp and hair tonic, and for Respiratory disorders and depression. Can be stimulating to the memory.

AKA West Indian Bay. Laurel AKA Sweet Bay. (Laurus noblis) is also a Bay. Source: leaves, West Indies production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, energizing aroma type: spicy traditional use: aphrodisiac blends well with: coriander, eucalyptus, ginger, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, marjoram, orange, rose, rosemary, thyme, ylang ylang Safety Information: use ½ recommended dilution or less; can cause skin irritation

Beechnut
Fagus grandifolia, F. sylvatica (Family, Fagaceae)

A soothing oil from the nut is used as a carrier.

Ben
Moringa oleifera, M. pterygosperma (Family, Moringaceae)

From the seeds this oil is used in skin care.

Benzoin tincture
Styax benzoin, S. tonkinensis (Family, Styacaceae)

Perfume Note=Base

Soothes, stimulates, comforts and warms. Add to carrier oil/cream for protecting skin against chapping or cracking.

AKA Friars Balsam. Other Oils; Balsam of Tolu (Myroxylon balsamum), Balsam of Peru (M. balsamum var, Pereirae), Styrax (Liquidamber orientalis).

Bergamot
Citrus bergamia (Family, Rutaceae)

Perfume Note=Top

Relaxes and refreshes and is good for confidence building. Uplifts the spirit and emotions with its delicious fresh and invigorating citrus fragrance. Useful for caring for oily and blemished skin. Lovely light citrus aroma. Use in vaporiser to disperse unpleasant odours. It is familiar to many as the flavouring in Earl Grey Tea. Warning Do not apply to the skin before going out into the sun - It can increase the susceptibility of the skin to severe burning.

A bergapten free Bergamot is available which reduces the susceptability to photosensitising. Source: fruit peel, Italy, Ivory Coast production method: expression aromatherapy class: calming, balancing aroma type: citrus skin type: oily, blemished, normal to combination traditional use: antiseptic, deodorant, perfume, soothing agent, skin conditioner blends well with: chamomile, coriander, cypress, geranium, juniper, lavender, lemon, neroli, ylang ylang Safety Information: photo toxic

Main Constituents:- Linalyl, acetate, linalol, sequiterpenes, terpenes, furocoumarins.

Birch, Sweet.
Betula lenta, B. capinefolia (Family, Betulaceae)

This has a sweet, bracing aroma. It is said to be effective on arthritic and muscular pain and can be a stimulant to the circulation, but is rarely used in Aromatherapy. Warning Is slightly toxic and smells like Sweets. Keep secure.

Birch, White.
Betula alba (Family, Betulaceae)

Can help to clear the skin and help with psoriasis and ezcema. Believed to assist in removing toxins and boosting the circulation. Source: wood and bark, France production method: steam distillation aroma type: woodsy traditional use: soothing agent, muscle relaxant blends well with: patchouli, vetiver, copaila Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women

Black Current Seed & Bud
Rives nigrum (Family, Grossulariaceae)

This Asian and European plant provides oil from the seeds and the buds, The seed oil is used as an up to 20% carrier oil addition and bud oil is a very expensive ingredient for perfumery and in foods. The seed oil has been used in PMS problems. The berry is a very high source of Vitamin C.

Black Pepper
Piper nigrum (Family, Piperceae)

Perfume Note=Middle

With a pungent aroma it stimulates and tones. Warming oil during the cold winter season. Ideal for massaging on abdomen and muscles. Use in pre-sports or dance rub to help maintain suppleness. One of the earliest used spices, Interesting effects happen when it is used in perfume blends. It blends well with Rose, Rosemary, Marjoram and Lavender, but should only be used in small amounts. Warning Black Pepper can be a skin irritant, so must be used with care. Source: fruits, India and Indonesia production method: steam distillation aroma type: spicy traditional use: muscle relaxant, aphrodisiac blends well with: olibanum, sandalwood, lavender, rosemary, marjoram

Main Constituents:- Thujene, pinene, camphene, sabinene, carene, myrcene, limonene, phellandrene, beta-caryohyllene.

Borage
Borago officinalis (Family, Boraginaceae)

From the seeds this oil is high in GLA (gamma-linoleic acid), reputed to slow down the skins aging processes. It isused as part of a carrier oil, to 25%

Brazil nut
Bertholletia excelsa (Family, Lecythidaceae)

Another nut carrier oil from the Amazon. As it is liable to become rancid quickly this oil needs special attention to storage in a dark cool place.

Cabreuva
Myrocarpus fastigiatus (Family, Fabaceae)

The oil of this South American tree has warming and calming characteristics with claimed aphrodisiac qualities. Believed to be a good oil for clearing the mind and increasing alertness.

Cade
Juniperus oxycedrus (Family, Cupressaceae) Source: wood, France production method: steam distillation

Used by vets for parasitic skin problems, for lice etc. Also used in perfumery for men and as a food flavouring for a smoky taste.

Cajaput
Melaleuca cajaputi (Family, Myrtaceae)

Perfume Note=Top

Improves mood, increases resistance to infections. A good 'unwinding' oil. Can be used in a Steam inhalation to help clear the nasal passages, also helpful when treating oily skin and spots. Warning Cajaput is a stimulant and an irritant and must be used with care. Source: leaves and stems, Indonesia production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: soothing, stimulating, energizing aroma type: camphoraceous skin type: blemished traditional use: antiseptic, deodorant, insect repellent blends well with: bergamot, birch, cardamon, clove, geranium, lavender, myrtle, nutmeg, rose, thyme

Main Constituents:- Cineol, terpoineol, pinene, eucalyptol, nerolidol.

Calendula
Calendula officinalis (Family, Asteraceae)

Good for skin infections, wounds, rashes, bites and inflammations. Also used for other inflammations, e.g. hemorrhoids and rheumatism. (See also Marigold.)

Calamint (catnip)
Calamintha clinopodium, C. grandiflora, C. officialis, Nepeta cataria, Saurreja calamintha (Family, Lamiaceae)

Turn your feline friend into a nutter.. :-) Cats do become out of it in the presence of Catmint. Humans also have their moods uplifted and it is supposed to improve mental clarity and alertness. Aids in pain reduction.

Calamus (Sweet Flag)
Acorus calamus, Calamus aromaticus (Family, Araceae)

An ancient herb that has been used for over 4000 years.

WarningThe Calamus that grows in India contains a high component of asarone, which is potentially toxic and carcinogenic. The plants from North America and Russia have been grown to not contain the asarone.

Calophyllum
Calophyllum inophullum (Family, Guttiferae)

This Asian nut yields a high percentage of its weight as an oil. Sometimes used as a carrier oil though it is quite thick in consistency.

Camphor White
Cinnamomum camphora (Family, Lauraceae)

Can be used to care for oily or spotty skin and also as an insect repellent. Also used in detergents, soaps, disinfectants, deodorants, room sprays etc. Source: wood, Japan, China production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing, stimulating, toning, cooling aroma type: camphoraceous traditional use: deodorant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, aphrodisiac, muscle relaxant blends well with: olibanum, ylang ylang, orange, mandarin Safety Information: Camphor should be used sparingly and completely avoided by those suffering from epilepsy, and should be avoided by pregnant women

Canola (rapeseed)
Brassica napus (Family, Brassicaceae)

From the seeds of the plant this oil is used in cooking and as a carrier. The original species contained up to 40% erucic acid which was harmful to the Thyroid, Kidneys and other internal organs. The modern genetically altered species only contains about 1% of the Toxic acid

Cananga
Cananga odorata (Family, Annonaceae)

The oil from the flowers of this tree is calming and a mood uplifting euphoric. Used by some to relax the muscles. This has anti-depressant qualities. Source: flowers, Java production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing aroma type: floral traditional use: deodorant, skin conditioner blends well with: bergamot, lavender, lemon, neroli, palmarosa, sandalwood, vetiver, ylang ylang

Caraway
Carum carvi, Apium carvi (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])

An oil sometimes included in "Love Potions". Can help circulation and intestinal problems. Good for the skin and decreases bruising. Source: seeds, Holland production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating aroma type: minty traditional use: muscle relaxant blends well with: galbanum, eucalyptus, rosemary Safety Information: slight dermal toxicity

Cardamom Seed
Elettaria cardomum (Family, Zingiberaceae)

Perfume Note=Top


The sweet, spicy, warming fragrance of cardamom has been enjoyed since the days of the ancient Egyptians, who used it as a perfume and incense. It can be used as an aid to digestion and makes an excellent bath oil as a tonic which refreshes and invigorates. Also use a lot, sparingly, in cooking and also perfumes. Source: seeds, Central America production method: steam distillation & CO2 aromatherapy class: stimulating, toning aroma type: spicy traditional use: muscle relaxant, skin conditioner, soothing agent blends well with: coriander, olibanum, galbanum, geranium, juniper berry, lemon, myrtle

Main Constituents:- terpinyl acetate, cineol, liminene, sabinene, linalol, linalyl acetate, pinene, zingiberene.

Carnation (Clove Pink
Dianthus caryophyllus (Family, Caryophyllaceae)

The flowers of this plant are at their most aromatic in early evening. A nice aroma to have around when you are "down". This oil is normally only found as an absolute. Reputedly an aphrodisiac. Safety Information: Can irratate sensitive skins, use sparingly.

Main Constituents:- Benzyl benzoate, eugenol, phenylethyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, methyl salicylate. · Carrot seed & root
Daucus carota (Family, Apiaceae [Umbeliferae])

Perfume Note=Middle

From the seed, this essential oil has the same sweet, earthy fragrance of the vegetable. Considered to be particularly beneficial for dry, mature skin-types and will can help to restore elasticity to the skin and could therefore reduce wrinkles. The root oil is used in food colouring, (yellow), and in sun tan lotions. Source: seeds, India production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, toning aroma type: spicy traditional use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, aphrodisiac blends well with: bergamot, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, lime, neroli, orange, petitgrain, rosemary

Cashew nut
Anacardium occidentale (Family, Anacardiaceae)

This oil from Latin America and Asia is added as 20% to carriers

Cascarilla Bark
Croton eleuteria (Family, Euphorbiaceae)

This is a stress reducing oil, and is good for meditation. Widely used in fragrances, soaps, detergents and in foods and drinks. Also used in cigarettes. Warning Do not use any oil from the seeds as this oil is a strong purgatory.

Cassia
Cinnamomum cassia, C. aromaticum, Laurus cassia (Family, Lauraceae))

Perfume Note=Middle(only room scent)

Distinctly spicy like cinnamon bark. Used to flavour all kinds of food and toothpaste, mouthwash and chewing gum. Warning Cassia is very irritating to the skin and can cause an allergic reactions.

Cassie

Acacia farnesiana, Cassia ancienne (Family, Mimosaceae)

This is used in perfumery, for rheumatic symptoms and for chest ailments.

Castor
Ricunus communis [Family, Euphorbiaceae)

Native to India, Castor has been used for centuries. Eating the nuts can be fatal, one to five nuts can kill a child. The oil is extracted at a low temperature to keep the Ricin from being in the oil. Used as an analgesic, clearing blackheads and for dandruff.

Catnip
Nepeta cataria Var citriodora (Family, ) Source: aerial parts, France, United States, Yugoslavia

Many varieties exist.

No formal testing.

Cedar Leaf

Thuja, occidntalis Source: leaves and stems, United States production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: calming aroma type: aromatic traditional use: deodorant, astringent, soothing agent blends well with: lavender, lavandin, rosemary, armoise

Cedarwood
Juniperus mexicana scheide (Family, Pinaceae)

Perfume Note=Base



With a woody balsamic aroma. It is used in perfumes to add body and a warm note to any blend. And as Cedarwood Virginia therapeutically.

Cedarwood (Atlas)
Cedrus atlantica (Family, Pinaceae)

This highly prized wood has been used throughout history for its strength and aroma. This oil helps to clear the breathing passages and is used in hair and skin care products.

Main constituents:- Atlantone, caryophyllene, cedrol, cadinene.

Cedarwood Virginia
Juniperus virginiana J. communis(Family, Cupressaceae)

Perfume Note=Base

Soothes and harmonises. Recognised as a therapeutic oil from ancient times. An astringent oil useful for protection and caring for oily and blemished skin, and as an inhalant relieves mucoussy coughs and colds. Helps to combat cellulite, use in wardrobe to repel moths. It makes a pleasant warm and woody room fragrance, the Tibetans use it as temple incense. Warning Use Cedarwood during pregnancy only in moderation. Source: wood, United States production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing, grounding, energizing aroma type: woodsy traditional use: antiseptic, skin conditioner, deodorant, insect repellent, soothing agent blends well with: patchouli, vetiver, sandalwood Main constituents:- Cedrene, cedrol, cedrenol.

Celery Seed
Alpium graveolens (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])

A sweet spicy aroma. It may stimulate milk flow, balance hormones, relieve liver and elimination system problems. Source: seeds, India production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, toning aroma type: spicy traditional use: blends well with: basil, cajeput, chamomile, grapefruit, guaicwood, lemon, orange, palmarosa, rosemary

Chamomile, German
Matricaria chamomilla or M. recutia (Family, Asteraceae [Compositae])

Perfume Note=Middle

An Absolute. German chamomile AKA blue chamomile or chamomile matricaria. The blue color is from azulene which is formed during the distillation of the oil. The odor is sweet and adds a warm, long-lasting undertone in perfumes. All the Chamomiles are used in massage oils and herbal mixtures. Source: flowers, Germany production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: soothing, toning aroma type: fruity skin type: sensitive, blemished traditional use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, aphrodisiac blends well with: bergamot, jasmine, labdanum, neroli, clary sage, rose

Main constituents:- Chamazulene, (Produced during steam distillation, not present in the fresh plant), bisabolol oxide, enyndicycloether, farnesene.

Chamomile Roman
Chamaemelum nobile or Anthemis noblis (Family, Asteraceae [Compositae])

Perfume Note=Middle

Well known for its strong soothing effect on mind and body. The Roman and German are excellent for protecting dry skin. They have many uses e.g. can be used to treat nerve, headache, insomnia, menstrual disorders and the Roman is a comforting oil during high pollen count.(Unless you have an allergy to the ragweeds). A gentle oil suitable for the young and fragile. One of the few essential oils that can be used on inflamed skin conditions. Blends well with Lavender, bergamot, jasmine, neroli, and clary sage. Source: flowers, Europe production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: calming aroma type: fruity skin type: sensitive traditional use: muscle relaxant, skin conditioner blends well with: galbanum, eucalyptus, rosemary

Main constituents:- Esters, pinene, fanesol, nerolidol, chamazulene, pinocarvone, cineol.

Chamomile Moroc (Sauvage)
Anthemis mixta, Ormenis mixta, O. multicaulis (Family, Asteraceae)

Not a true Chamomile, nevertheless it is used as a calming oil, both mentally and for intestinal symptoms. Source: blossoms, Morocco production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing, soothing, calming, toning aroma type: aromatic skin type: sensitive traditional use: muscle relaxant, skin conditioner blends well with: cypress, labdanum, lavandin, lavender, vetiver, cedarwood, olibanum

Champaca Flower & Leaf

Michelia alba, M. champaca (Family, Magnoliaceae)

AKA Frangipani, this oil is another one for mental clarity and alertness, it also has euphoric and calming properties.

Cinnamon (Bark & Leaf)
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, C verum, Laurus cimmamomum (Family, Lauraceae)

Perfume Note=middle (only room scent)

Warms and stimulates. A strong antiseptic, it has a cleansing effect. Used as a comforting oil during the cold season, A lovely room fragrance, especially during Xmas. Source: leaves and stems, Ceylon production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, energizing aroma type: spicy traditional use: anti-inflammatory agent, aphrodisiac, skin conditioner, deodorant blends well with: caraway, citrus oils, clove, myrtle, nutmeg, olibanum Safety Information: can cause skin irritation; moderate dermal toxicity

Main constituents:- (Bark oil), Cinnamaldehyde, eugeno, benzaldehyde, pinene, cineol, phellandrene, furol, cymene, linalol. (Leaf oil) Eugenol, eugenol acetate, cinnamaldehyde, benzyl benzoate, linalol.

Citronella
Cymbopogon nardus, Andropogon nardus (Family, Poaceae [Gramineae])

Perfume Note=Top

Light, fresh and uplifting oil, obtained from the grass, it is a natural deodoriser, and is useful as an insect and cat repellent. Source: aerial parts, Java production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: soothing aroma type: citrus traditional use: insect repellent, skin conditioner blends well with: bergamot, lemon, orange, lemongrass

Clary Sage
Salvia sclerea (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])

Perfume Note=Top/Middle

Soothes, relaxes and warms. uplifts the spirit. Contains a hormone-like compound similar to oestrogen that regulates hormonal balance. Massage on muscles and on abdomen before and during menstruation. Induces feeling of well-being. Can provoke dramatic and colourful dreams.... helpful with oily hair and skin, dandruff and treating wrinkles. Sensual properties. Source: flowering tops, Morocco production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing, calming, toning aroma type: herbaceous skin type: normal to combination traditional use: skin conditioner, astringent, soothing agent, aphrodisiac, muscle relaxant blends well with: cedarwood, labdanum, citrus oils, lavender lavandin Safety Information Do not use during pregnancy. Do not drink alcohol or drive.

Main constituents:- Linalyl acetate, linalol, pionene, myrcene, sclareol, phellandrene.

Clove (Bud, Leaf & Stem)
Syzygium aromaticum, Eugenia caryophyllata, E. aromaticia, E. caryophyllus (Family, Myrtaceae)

Perfume Note=Middle (room scent only)

An antiseptic and stimulating oil useful in mouthwash and gargle. Comforting rubbed onto gums, traditionally used to relieve toothache. Could be an effective mosquito repellent. Warning Clove is a powerful skin irritant and should be used carefully. Do not use during pregnancy. Source: flowers, Madagascar production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, energizing aroma type: spicy traditional use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent blends well with: basil, black pepper, cinnamon, citronella, grapefruit, lemon, nutmeg, orange, peppermint, rosemary, rose Safety Information: use ½ recommended dilution or less; can cause skin irritation

Main constituents:- (Clove bud) Eugenol, eugenyl acetate, caryophyllene. (Clove Leaf) Eugenol, some eugenyl acetate.

Coffee
Coffea arabica (Family, Rubiaceae)

Yes there is a Coffee EO, and is a stimulant as is the drink. Supposed to be mood uplifting, energising and to improve mental clarity. Warning This is an adrenal gland and nervous system stimulant so should be used with caution.

Copaiba
Copaifera officinalis(Family, Fabaceae)

Both a Resinoid and an EO is obtained from the tree, Good for increasing circulation, stress reduction, clearing out the air passages and as a fixative in perfumery.

Coriander
Coriandum sativum (Family, Apiacea [Umbelliferae])

Perfume Note=Top



A sweet-smelling, spicy essence. It makes a good massage blend to relieve stiffness and muscle ache. In the bath it is refreshing and stimulating. Warning Due to its slight toxicity this oil should be used sparingly. Source: seeds, France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: warming, stimulating aroma type: spicy traditional use: muscle relaxant, deodorant, soothing agent, aphrodisiac blends well with: bergamot, black pepper, cinnamon, citronella, cypress, galbanum, giner, jasmine, lemon, neroli, orange

Main constituents:- Linalol, decyl aldehyde, borneol, geraniol, carvone, anethole.

Cornmint
Mentha arvensis (Family, Lamiaceae)

One of the Mint family, this can be used to assist in clearing the air passages. Some say it is useful in speeding up the metabolism, and for refreshing, reviving, energising, and generally sharpening the senses. Warning Can be irritating to the skin and can overstimulate the nervous system.

Costus
Saussurea costus, S. lappa (Family, Asteraceae)

A calming oil used in flavourings and perfumery.

Cubeb
Cubeba officinalis, Piper cubeba (Family, Piperaceae)

This spicy oil is used to increase circulation, improve digestion, clear out the sinus and breathing passages and relieve aches and pains.

Cumin
Cuminum cyminun, C. odorum (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])

A sharp, spicy aroma. May be used for those who have mental or physical exhaustion. Could stimulate the metabolism of those who are obese and/or have excessive fluid. Warning May be slightly photosensitising or irritating to some skins.

Cyperus (Cypriol)
Cyperus scariosus (Family, Cyperaceae)

This is the sedge grass used to make papyrus, cloth and fragrances. A tonic for the digestive system and an insect repellent.

Cypress
Cupressus sempervirens (Family, Cupressaceae)

Perfume Note=Middle

With its smoky woody fragrance it refreshes, restores and tones. An astringent oil useful for refreshing and caring for oily and blemished skin, As an anti-perspirant it is good for sweaty feet. Massage on abdomen during menstruation and where there is cellulite. Good menopausal oil. Natural deodorant. Blends well with Lavender and Sandalwood. Source: leaves and stems, France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating aroma type: coniferous skin type: oily, blemished traditional use: insect repellent, antiseptic, astringent, deodorant, soothing agent, skin conditioner blends well with: bergmot, clary sage, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, orange, rosemary, sandalwood Safety Information: FLAMMABLE

Main constituents:- Pirene, chmphene, sylvestrene, cymene, sabinol.

Dill
Anethum graveolens (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])

Some say can reduce appetite, and, with fennel and baking soda, is a constituent of "Gripe Water". (Anti-colic water for the non-British reading this.)

Elecampane
Aster officinalis, Hellenium grandiflorum, Inula helenium (Family, Asteraceae)

AKA Inula. Used for mood uplifting and to help breathing for some asthmatics.

Elemi
Canarium commune, C. luzonicum (Family, Bursecracae)

Supposed to help stimulate the immune system, so is a good oil to use in debilitated persons. Can be an expectorant and so help open up the air passages. It has been used to help asthmatics. Good for meditation and during counselling sessions. Aids sleep.

Main constituents:- Phellandrene, dipentene, elemol, elemicin, terpinol, limonene, pinene.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus (Family, Myrtaceae)

Perfume Note=Top

Powerful antiseptic, widely used in baths and massage during the cold season. Blend oil in chest rubs and use in a vaporiser to keep air germ free in sick room. Blends well with Lavender and Pine.

There are many more Eucalyptus oils, including; Australian Eucalyptus, (E. australina); Lemon Eucalyptus, (E. citriodora); Dives or Broad-Leaved Peppermint, (E. dives); Peppermint Eucalyptus, (E. piperita); Blue Mallee (E. polybractea); Grey peppermint, (E. radiata); Cully Gum, (E. smithii) and more. Source: leaves and stems, Spain production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: toning, stimulating aroma type: camphoraceous skin type: blemished traditional use: deodorant, antiseptic, soothing agent, skin conditioner, insect repellent blends well with: coriander, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, thyme

Main constituents:- Cineol, pinene, limonene, cymene, phellandrene, terpinene, aromadendrene.

Evening Primrose
Centhera biennis

Rich in GLA, vitamins and minerals. Excellent for face and body massage blends, especially to combat dry, devitalised skin and eczema, Used by PMT sufferers, internally in small amounts, to ease the symptoms.

Fennel
Foeniculum vulgare, F. officinale, Anethum foeniculum (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])

Perfume Note=Top/Middle

Has a sweet aniseed-like aroma which makes it pleasant for skin care. For massage where there is cellulite and for the digestive system, especially the dreaded wind. Good for breast firming massage and to promote milk production, use sparingly. Warning Fennel can be a skin irritant. Do not use it on young children. Do not use if pregnant. Do not use if suffering from epilepsy. Source: fruits, Italy production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: energizing, toning aroma type: anise traditional use: antiseptic, aphrodisiac, soothing agent, muscle relaxant blends well with: basil, geranium, lavender, lemon, rose, rosemary, sandalwood Safety Information: slight dermal toxicity; use ½ recommended dilution or less

Main constituents:- Anethol, anisic acid, anisic aldehyde, pinene, camphene, estragol, fenone, phellandrene.

Fir Needle
Abies alba (Family, Pinaceae)

Perfume Note=Middle

A Fresh spicy scent. A few drops will remind you of the fir forests. A festive aroma for a freshly cut Christmas tree. Warning Dilute well. It can be a skin irritant.

Also:- Canadian Balsam, (A. balsamea); Siberian Fir, (A. siberica); Hemlock, (Tsuga canadensis); Pine q.v.; Black Spruce, (Picea mariana); Terebinth, (P. Palustris and others).

Frankincense
Boswellia thurifera or B. carteri (Family, Burseraceae)

Perfume Note=Base

Also known as "Olibanum" B. papyrifera. Soothes, warms and aids meditation. It has been used for centuries, and burnt on alters and in temples. "Creates a 'spiritual' atmosphere". Comforting oil, by slowing down breathing and controlling tension it helps to focus the mind. Excellent for toning and caring for mature/aging skin. (claimed to have rejuvenating qualities [the Egyptians used it in rejuvenation face-masks.])

Elemi (Canarium luzonicum) is related. Source: resin, India and France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, toning, grounding aroma type: balsamic skin type: aging/mature traditional use: skin conditioner, soothing agent blends well with: basil, black pepper, galbandum, geranium, grapefruit, lavender, orange, patchouli, sandalwood

Main constituents:- Pinene, dipentene, limonene, thujene, phellandrene, cymene, myrcene, terpinene.

Galangal

Alpina officinarum, Languas officinarum (Family, Zingiberaceae)

A general stimulant with stress reducing properties.

Galbanum
Ferula galbaniflua, F. cummosa, F. rubicaulis (Family, Apiaceae)

Used more in food flavouring but may aid mature skin types and assist in clearing congested breathing. Source: resin, Middle East and France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: toning, stimulating aroma type: green skin type: blemished traditional use: skin conditioner, muscle relaxant blends well with: citronella, elemi, olibanum, jasmine, palmarosa, geranium, ginger, rose, ylang ylang

Main constituents:- CArvone, cadinene, myrcene, cadinol, limonene, pinene.

Gardenia
Gardenia grandifloria (Family, Rubiaceae)

An absolute and EO is obtained from the flowers. A Mood uplifting oil.

Garlic
Allium sativum (Family, Lilliaceae) (more to come) Safety Information: Should not be used if suffereing from eczema or psorisis. External applical can be highly irritating to the skin. Can cause colic in babies if taken by breastfeeding mothers.

Main constituents:- Allicin, sulphides e.g. allylpropyl disulphide, citral, geraniol, linalol, phellandrene.

Geranium
Pelargonium graveolen (Family, Geraniaceae)

Perfume Note=Middle to Top

A balancing oil for the mind and body. A fresh, floral and sweet smelling oil it relaxes, restores and maintains stability of the emotions. An astringent oil excellent for all skin types. Used in skin care products for both its fragrance and cleansing properties. Useful insect repellent. For massage where there is cellulite and treating eczema and psoriasis. Blends well with other floral oils, and, mixed with Lavender and Bergamot produces a delightful room freshener.

Source: leaves and stems, China production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: balancing, soothing skin type: oily, dry aroma type: floral traditional use: skin refresher, astringent blends well with: cedarwood, citronella, clary sage, grapefruit, jasmine, lavender, lime, neroli, orange, petitgrain, rose, rosemary, sandalwood

Main constituents:- Geraniol, borneol, citronellol, linalol, termineol,limonene, phellandrene, pinene.

Ginger
Zingiber officinalis (Family, Zingiberaceae)

Perfume Note=Top

Fiery and fortifying. Comforting oil and for massaging on the muscles. Good for nausea and sickness. Blend with orange for warming winter baths. Blends especially well with orange and other citrus oils. Source: roots, China production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: energizing, warming aroma type: spicy traditional use: aphrodisiac, astringent blends well with: cinnamon, coriander, clove, elemi, eucalyptus, olibanum, geranium, lemon, lime, myrtle, orange, rosemary, spearmint

Main constituents:- Gingerin, linalol, camphene, phellandrene, citral, cineol, borneol.

Goldenrod
Solidago canadensis, S. odora (Family, Asteraceae)

Used for bee stings and is a calming and warming oil. Supposed to encourage communication and meditation.

Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi, C. racemosa (Family, Rutaceae)

Perfume Note=Top

Refreshes and uplifts the spirit. Lovely fresh aroma which can help with nervous exhaustion. it relieves congested and oily skin, having a toning effect on both skin and tissues. For this reason it is a good oil to use when treating cellulitis. Warning do not use Grapefruit on the skin in direct sunlight. Source: fruit, United States production method: expression aromatherapy class: energising aroma type: citrus skin type: dry, blemished traditional use: soothing agent, astringent, skin conditioner blends well with: citrus oils, especially bergamot, orange

Main constituents:- Limonene, paradisiol. neral, geraniol, citronellal.

Guaiac Wood
Bulnesia sarmientoi (Family, Zygophyllaceae)

No aromatherapy uses documented but plenty of herbal uses. Source:wood Paraguay production method: steam distillation aroma type: green, woody

Helichrysum (Italian Everlasting or Immortelle) Helichrysum angustifolium, H. italicum (Family Asteraceae)

There are approximately 500 species of helichrysum. This species is used as an anti-depressant. Used to freshen the air, mind and body this is a very useful oil. Helps to clear the mind, chest and sinus and relieves aches, pains and menstrual discomfort. Another one for the "Must have" box. Source:flower, France, Spain Yugoslavia production method: steam distillation

Helichrysum
Helichrysum stoechas (Family Asteraceae) Source:flower, France, Spain Yugoslavia production method: steam distillation

Henna (Hina)

Lawsonia inermis (Family Lythaveae) Source:flower, India
production method: steam distillation and absolute

Hops

Jumulus lupulus (Family, Moraceae)

Calming and an aid to sleep, the herb hops is used in sleep pillows. Also used as a mild pain reliever. Warning This oils is mildly toxic so must be used sparingly.

Main constituents:- Humuline, myrcene, caryophylene, farnesene.

Hyssop

Hyssopus officinalis, H. officinalis Var. decumbens (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])

Sacred to the Greeks and the Hebrews where Hyssop brooms were used to clean out sacred places. Warm and Vibrant, can promote alertness and clarity of thought. When used in a fragrancer can protect rooms from infection. Used to treat colds and flu, helps heal bruised skin. Source: roots, India, Egypt and Europe production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: warming, stimulating, balancing aroma type: herbaceous skin type: blemished traditional use: soothing agent, skin conditioner blends well with: celery, fennel, lavender, orange, rosemary, tangerine Safety Information: Powerful oil not to be used when pregnant, suffering from epilepsy, or high blood pressure.

Jasmine Absolute
Jasminum officinale or J. Grandiflorum (Family, Oleaceae)

Perfume Note=Base

Emotionally warming. Relaxes, soothes, uplifts and helps self confidence. Good for stress and general anxiety. Perfect skincare oil, excellent for hot, dry skin. Sensual properties and reputedly an Aphrodisiac!. Only needs to be used in very small quantities. Exquisite perfume. A vast quantity of blossoms, which must be gathered at night when their scent is at their highest, are required to produce only a few drops of oil, so it is a very expensive oil. Source: flowers, Egypt production method: solvent, extraction aromatherapy class: uplifting, balancing aroma type: floral skin type: dry, normal to combination traditional use: antiseptic, aphrodisiac, emollient, soothing agent blends well with: all floral absolutes

Main constituents:- Jasmone, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, indol, linalol, linalyl acetate, phenylacetic acid, methyl jasmonate.

Juniper
Juniperus communis (Family, Cupressaceae)

Perfume Note=Middle

Tones and stimulates. an antiseptic and astringent oil for bath and massage where there is cellulite. Restores psychic purity. Fresh woody aroma. Has a cleansing effect on the body, used in many masculine perfumes, after shaves and colognes, and has a calming effect on the emotions. Reputed to strengthen the immune system. {And don't forget the Gin!} Warning Juniper should not be used when pregnant. Source: flowers, Yugoslavia production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: energizing aroma type: coniferous skin type: blemished traditional use: astringent, skin detoxifier, deodorant, soothing agent blends well with: elemi, cypress, clary sage, lavandin Safety Information: FLAMMABLE

Main constituents:- Pinene, myrcene, borneol, camphene, thugene, termenic alcohol.

Khella

Ammi visnaga (Family, Umbelliferae) The oil is rare on the commercial market, if at all. Source: seeds, Egypt and Morocco production method: steam distillation Safety Information: No formal testing. Avoid in pregnancy, slight photosensitivity.

Labdanum (Cistus or Rock Rose)
Cistus ladanifer (Family, Cisgaceae)

An excellent fixative in perfumery, used in some expensive brands. Helpful in meditation and counseling sessions, has calming, stress reducing and mood uplifting properties. Source: resin, Morocco and Spain production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, toning, soothing, aroma type: balsamic traditional use: aroma fixative, skin conditioner blends well with: clary sage, juniper berry, bergamot, cypress, vetiver, sandalwood, patchouli, olibanum, lavender, labdanum

Labrador tea
Ledum groenlandicum (Family Ericaceae)

Very much a relaxing oil. Can be used as an expectorant and during meditation. Source:aerial parts, Canada production method: steam distillation Warning This is not to be used before driving or using equipment due to its soporific properties.

Lantana
Lantana camara(Family, Verbenaceae) This oil is rare on the commercial market. Source: Aerial parts, Madagascar production method: steam distillation Safety Information: No traditional EO uses, but due to large Ketone % avoid in Pregnancy.

Lavender
Lavendula augustifolia, L. officinalis, L. vera (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])

Perfume Note=Middle to Top

Undoubtedly the most versatile and useful oil. NO home should be without it. Relaxes, Soothes, restores and balances your body and mind. Calms or stimulates according to your bodies needs. Excellent for refreshing tired muscles, feet and head. Add a drop to the pillow/sheet before peaceful sleep. Treats burns and reduces scaring. Can be used neat in small amounts on burns, but care still needs to be taken. Blends happily with many other oils. Lavender has so many uses that it is recommended that further reference be made to the many books on Aromatherapy. Lavender is a Must! Source: flowering tops, France production method: solvent extract for the absolute or steam distillation for the essential oil aromatherapy class: calming, balancing, soothing aroma type: herbaceous (The absolute is wonderful, very 'lavender' but without the camphorous undertone.) skin type: sensitive, all skin types traditional use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, astringent blends well with: bergamot, clove, rosemary, eucalyptus, patchouli, clary sage, rose, jasmine

Main constituents:- Linalol, linalyl acetate, lavandulol, lavandulyl acetate, terpineol, limonene, caryophyllene.

Lavandin
Lavandula hybrida, L. fragrans, L. hortensis (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])

Perfume Note=Middle to Top

Lavandin is a hybrid plant, a cross between true lavender and spike lavender. The oil has a camphoraceous, herbaceous, floral aroma. Used in many types of perfumes, soaps and detergents. Blends well with many other oils including cypress, geranium, citronella, clove, cinnamon leaf, pine, thyme and patchouli. Refreshing, purifying, gently clarifying. Source: leaves, France production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, energizing aroma type: herbaceous traditional use: soothing agent, muscle relaxant, skin conditioner, astringent blends well with: clove, bay leaf, cinnamon, citronella, cypress, geranium, patchouli

Main constituents:- Borneol, camphor, cineol, geraniol, linalol, linalyl acetate.

Lavender Spike
Lavandula latifolia Source: leaves and stems, Spain production method: steam distillation aromatherapy class: stimulating, energizing aroma type: herbaceous skin type: sensitve, all skin types traditional use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, astringent blends well with: lavender, lavandin, rosemary, eucalyptus, petitgrain, neroli

Main constituents:- Cineol, camphor, linalol, linalyl acetate.

Lovage Root

Levisticum officinalis(Family, Umbelliferae) This oil is rare on the commercial market. Source: root Europe production method: steam distillation CO2 aroma type: Earthy Safety Information: Phototoxic. Possible irritation, possible sensitization




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